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Most Foreign Invested Enterprises (FIEs) are governed by a board of directors and senior management. An exception exists for Cooperative Joint Ventures that the parties have chosen not to incorporate (these are governed by a management committee).
Powers: The Chairman, as the legal representative of the enterprise, has the power to legally bind the enterprise and bears substantial duty for its acts and
omissions. Most of the powers and func...
Board of Directors
Most Foreign Invested Enterprises (FIEs) are governed by a board of directors and senior management. An exception exists for Cooperative Joint Ventures that the parties have chosen not to incorporate (these are governed by a management committee).
Powers: The Chairman, as the legal representative of the enterprise, has the power to legally bind the enterprise and bears significant duty for its acts and
omissions. Most of the powers and functions of the board are set forth in the Articles of Association and in the Joint Venture Contract.
Number of Directors: The board of directors of each Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprises (WFOEs) and Joint Ventures are necessary to appoint amongst 3 and 13 directors. FIEs with few shareholders may be in a position to convince the examination and approval authority to dispense with the board of directors and use an executive director.
Membership: In an Equity Joint Venture (EJV), board membership must be proportionate to capital contributions. The board have to have a Chairman, but need to have not have a Vice Chairman. If both are utilized, nonetheless, then if the foreign investor selects the Chairman, the Chinese party should pick the Vice Chairman, and vice versa.
Meetings: Joint venture board meetings should be held when a year, and a quorum is two/3 of the directors. For Equity Joint Ventures, unanimous consent of the board is essential for amendment of the Articles of Association, enhance or reduction of the Registered Capital, merger or division, and termination and dissolution. The law is considerably far more versatile for Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprises - board meetings and quorum needs are governed by the WFOEs Articles of Association.
Director & Officer Liability: Director and officer liability law and enforcement is not as nicely-created as in many Western nations. Correspondingly, the industry for directors and officers liability insurance coverage is not especially nicely-created either. The Chairmans part as the enterprises legal representative encumbers him with both civil and criminal liability for the acts and/or omissions of the enterprise. Directors can be held liable for board resolutions that are illegal or that contravene the Articles of Association and cause losses to the organization. Directors, supervisors and senior management personnel can be held liable if they cause losses to the enterprise by violating laws and/or the Articles of Association.
Management
Equity Joint Ventures must appoint a Basic Manager, a single or far more Deputy Basic Managers, and a Finance Manager. Despite the fact that not needed for other FIEs, this is frequent practice for these enterprises as properly. If a Chinese investor nominates the General Manager of an EJV, a foreign investor may nominate the Deputy General Manager, and vice versa.
Basic Manager: The Common Manager is charged with day-to-day operation and might be a foreign national if the enterprise so chooses. The responsibilities of the Common Manager need to be listed in the Articles of Association even if Chinese law does not need the appointment of a General Manager (as in the case of WFOEs). The Common Manager is charged by law with duty for formulating a management technique for the enterprise production, operations and management, employment and termination of staff (except those that should be employed and dismissed by the board of directors) and implementing board resolutions and investment and business plans.
Deputy Common Managers: A Foreign Invested Enterprise may appoint one particular or much more Deputy General Managers (EJVs are necessary to appoint at least a single).
Finance Manager: An Equity Joint Venture is necessary to appoint a single or much more accountants to assist the Basic Manager with finances. This is also frequent practice for other FIEs.
Supervisors
LLCs are essential to have supervisory boards, even though this is typically ignored in practice by WFOEs and Joint Ventures. [ We're Listening To You]
